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Project InstructionsThis collection contains the 1928 Baker Roll, as well as the applications for enrollment and correspondence of the Eastern Cherokee Enrolling Commission. The images are a mix of type-written and hand-written documents.
For this project we are keying from three main form types. The first is the Baker Roll, and this is for any images of final rolls. It includes the Final Roll of the Eastern Bank of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina Under the Act of June 4, 1924 and the Roll of Deceased Eastern Cherokee Annuitants Whose Rights to Enrollment with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina Were Challenged by the Tribal Council. From these rolls we are keying name, gender, birth date and death date.
The second form type is the application. The first page of the application should be marked as “Application Page 1” and any subsequent pages with information to key should be marked as “Application Additional Pages”. The application is a typed form, 3-4 pages long, and contains 11 questions. We are only keying information on individuals who are a part of the applicant’s immediate family. Immediate family is being defined as:
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First page of the Index
How To Fill Out And Sign Cherokee Online
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Find Out If Youre Cherokee Learn About Cherokee Genealogy
Many people want to know about becoming a Tribal Member based on a relative being Cherokee or of Cherokee descent. Enrollment in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is governed by Cherokee Code, Chapter 49, Enrollment, and restricts enrollment to the following:
1. A direct lineal ancestor must appear on the 1924 Baker Roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
2. You must possess at least 1/16 degree of Eastern Cherokee blood. Please note: Blood Quantum is calculated from your ancestor listed on the 1924 Baker Roll. No DNA/blood testing is performed or acceptable for this calculation.
The Enrollment Office provides a Cherokee genealogy research service searching records prior to the 1924 Baker Roll. These records date back to 1835 and enumerate the members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians within the limits of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. This service does not aid in determining eligibility for enrollment with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
Cultural and Ceremonial Questions: If you have an inquiry about the cultural practices or ceremonies of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians please contact the Tribal Cultural Resources Department at 828.497.1584.
Other Cherokee Contacts: Cherokee Nation of OklahomaP.O. Box 948 Tahlequah, OK 74465Main Office 918.456.0671
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Information Found On The 1924 Baker Roll
Information requested on the application is shown below, and from it should be easily seen why the Baker Roll is so important to Eastern Cherokee genealogy:
*current name and name prior to marriage,*age and birth place,*degree of Eastern Cherokee blood,*name and relationship of Cherokee ancestor,*applicants descent from the ancestor,*both parents names, date of marriage, and residences,*all four grandparents names, including maiden names,*other relatives who were previously enrolled,*spouses name, and names/ages of children.
The 1924 Baker Roll can be found on microfilm at the National Archives branch in Morrow, Georgia or online at the paid site Ancestry.com. If your ancestor is on the roll itself, then you are eligible for membership, but there may be other requirements to meet. Follow this link for more information about The Eastern Band of Cherokee. If your ancestor is not on the roll, then she still may have applied. Check the applications which are in alphabetical order.
Eastern Band Of Cherokee
An act of Congress of June 4, 1924 , established the Eastern Cherokee Enrolling Commission to determine membership for the Eastern Band of Cherokees and to place its tribal lands into Federal trust.
Charged with identifying membership for the Eastern Band of Cherokees, the Commission created, collected, and compiled data from older rolls and tribal censuses. Known as the Baker Roll, after Fred A. Baker, these records include indexes, applications, testimony, correspondence, decisions of the Eastern Enrolling Commission, and reports. Note, the roll can include deceased individuals.
Information in the applications includes:
- Applicant’s name, age, and degree of Indian blood
- Name of ancestor and relationship from whom claiming descent
- Degree of Indian blood and residence of mother and father
- Names of children
- Spouse name and degree of Indian blood
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The 1924 Baker Roll And Cherokee Genealogy
The 1924 Baker Roll is one of the best sources for Cherokee genealogy, and is the basis for membership in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians today. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is one of three Cherokee tribes or bands recognized by the U.S. government. Applications for inclusion on the Baker Roll contain a wealth of family history information, even for those who were rejected. It seems there was some confusion about who could be included, and so many applied who probably shouldnt have. This was bad news for the government agents taking the applications, but good news for Cherokee family historians! And, many of the applications were rejected, not because the applicants couldnt show Cherokee ancestry, but because they had no association with the band living in North Carolina. This makes the Baker Roll a definite go to source if you had a Cherokee ancestor living in the southeastern United States in 1924.
Am I Cherokee Can I Be Part Of The Ebci
These are frequently asked questions of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Many people want to know about becoming a tribal member based on having a relative of Cherokee descent. Enrollment in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is governed by Cherokee Code, Chapter 49, Enrollment, and restricts enrollment to the following:
The Enrollment Office provides a Cherokee genealogy research service searching records prior to the 1924 Baker Roll. These records date back to 1835 and enumerate the members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians within the limits of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. This service does not aid in determining eligibility for enrollment with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
To obtain the specifics of the research services and for general enrollment questions, you may contact the Enrollment Office at:
- Application for Early Distribution for Unmet Educational or Healthcare Needs
- Normal Distribution 18- and 21-Year Application
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I Found The Person I Was Looking For What Now
- Add any new information to your records
- If the individual or family or listed in the reservation rolls, check for additional tribal records
- Learn about tribal customs such as inheritance
- Contact the Bureau of Indian Affairs , or an agency associated with the tribe
- Contact Tribal archives and libraries
Baker Roll A Census Of The Eastern Band Of Cherokee Indians Created
On , the United States Congress passed an act aimed at terminating the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians. Indian Agent Fred A. Baker was tasked with preparing an official roll of all members of the Eastern Band. The roll anticipated a final allotment of land and granting of United States citizenship to the Indians. Now known as the Baker Roll, it was to be the final conclusive list of the Bands membership.
Baker visited Indian households, much like a census-taker, and recorded information on each individual including name, birth date and the degree of Eastern Cherokee blood. Controversies arose due to the number of people included on the roll and the amount of land that could be allotted to each. Cherokees were also facing difficulties registering to voteclerks refused to acknowledge citizenship until the allotment issue was resolved.
Ultimately the Indians decided that it was prudent to keep the tribal lands in trust with the government, and, in 1931, Congress voted not to act on the tribal assets. The Baker roll was amended, with many people of questionable descent removed. The roll stands today as paramount to being acknowledged as a member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
Other related resources:
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Cherokee Rolls: Baker Roll
In 1924, an Act of Congress enacted the final dispensation of the affairs of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina. This Act conveyed to the United States all land, money, and other property held by the tribe, where the land would be held in trust by the US government, forming a reservation called the Qualla Boundary.
In association with this Act, a final roll was conducted which would list all living tribal citizens and this was the final roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
This final roll of the EBCI was called the Baker Roll, named after Fred A Baker who oversaw the enrolling commission and finalized the results. There were 3,146 persons accepted onto the Baker Roll.
Today, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians bases there enrollment on the Baker Roll of 1924. To be eligible you must have a direct lineal ancestor on the Baker Roll, and must possess at least 1/16 degree of Eastern Cherokee blood.
Please note: Blood quantum is calculated from your ancestor as they are listed on the 1924 Baker Roll. DNA is not acceptable for enrollment purposes.
You can find original images of this and many other Cherokee rolls and tribal records at Fold3.
Elements of the Baker Roll:
Cherokee Adopts Baker Roll List As Basis For Tribal Membership
Blood quantum. Even on their own, the words have a ceremonial, reverent ring to them.
For Cherokee tribal members, reality bears out the ring. Blood quantum the fraction of ones ancestry that is purely Cherokee decides everything from a persons ability to own land in the Qualla Boundary to availability of scholarships for college to eligibility to receive a share in casino profits each year.
So its probably understandable that Cherokee Tribal Councils vote last month on how blood quantum should be determined was fraught with emotion and heated debate. In fact, Councilmember David Wolfe of Yellowhill kicked off the debate with a move that the discussion happen off-air from live cable broadcast to keep outsiders from seeing it.
Tribal members in the audience made it clear they did not concur, and the meeting stayed on-air after Wolfe withdrew his motion.
My opinion is everybody needs to see this. Everybody needs to hear this, said enrolled member Janet Arch. Everybody needs to see where people stand on this opinion.
After nearly two hours of discussion, members finally made a decision: To adopt the 1924 Baker Roll as the foundation on which all enrollment decisions are made. The Baker Roll shall not be subject to challenge or amendment as to the information contained therein, the legislation continued.
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What Is The Indian Child Welfare Act
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, 25 U.S.C.§ 1901 et seq, also known as the ICWA, states that there are federal standards governing the removal of Indian children from their families and the placement of such children in foster or adoptive homes.
The purpose of the ICWA is to prevent the breakup of Indian families, and as a result, their tribes. The ICWA was implemented as a result of the wholesale removal and adoption of Indian children and the loss of their tribal rights. Adoption frequently meant tribes lost touch with members who had been adopted, and many adopted children searched to no avail when they sought their family roots.
Under the ICWA, placement preference is given to Indian foster and adoptive parents. Both non-Indian foster and adoptive parents are allowed. The parents or guardians of Indian children, and the tribes they belong to, have specific rights under ICWA. Please see the following link for further information: www.nicwa.org/Indian_Child_Welfare_Act/
What Is In This Collection
This collection contains census and other rolls listing names of Cherokee Indians, primarily of the Eastern Band of that tribe. Each of the Eastern Cherokee census rolls was compiled for different administrative reasons, had a different format, and contained different amounts of information. Most of the rolls were made to determine eligibility for payments due under provisions of the 1835 treaty, or were receipt rolls for payments made to tribal members. Some of the rolls are copies that were used by enrolling agents to assist them in their work. Most of the rolls are arranged by geographical location of residence, and most include alphabetical indexes of the names of persons enrolled.
- Baker Rolls, 1924
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About Us Cherokee Baker Roll And Records 1924
If you have ties to the Eastern Band of North Carolina Cherokee, the Baker Roll is a vital document. The Baker Roll was the final roll compiled for determining membership in the Eastern Band, but it is only the beginning of the documents included in this database. Along with the roll itself, youll find applications for tribal membership, correspondence regarding applications and other matters, transcripts of testimony, copies of decisions and findings by the Enrolling Commission, and indexes created for some of the document collections.
Historical Background
The Cherokee once inhabited parts of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Some began voluntarily migrating westward to Arkansas during the period between the Revolutionary War and the late 1820s. In 1828, these people, who were by then known as the Western Cherokee, were pushed out of Arkansas by the Treaty of Washington and moved on to Oklahoma where they were called the Old Settlers. A decade later, they were joined by more than 16,000 Eastern Cherokee who were forced to leave their lands in the East and travel to Indian Territory on the Trail of Tears. The descendants of these groups comprise two of the three Federally-recognized divisions of the Cherokee Nation.
Final Roll
- 1835 Census of Cherokees Living East of the Mississippi River
- 1851 Chapman Roll
Where To Start
Baker got it wrong, McCoy said, and Cherokee would do itself a favor to trash the whole thing and develop a Cherokee roll created by Cherokee people.
That sentiment is all well and good, other councilmembers said, but many, many years have passed since Cherokee people first began intermarrying with non-Indians.
You cant go back and question somebody that lived in 1850 or 1875, said Councilmember Perry Shell, of Big Cove, and that leaves Cherokee in a quandary. You have to start somewhere in determining a persons tribal membership, and imperfect as it is, the Baker Roll is the best place to begin.
Do we start a new roll saying everybody here is full-blood going forward? said Councilmember Gene Tunni Crowe, of Birdtown, who also chairs the enrollment committee. Were not going to do that. But answer me that question: Where do we start at?
Yeah, there are mistakes, said Councilmember Adam Wachacha, of Snowbird, but the reality is thats all we got.
Sure, said tribal member Louise Reed, of Snowbird, but thats no reason to pass a law saying that no part of the Baker Roll can be contested, that every letter must be taken as gospel.
This book needs to be used as a working tool, not a base roll, Reed said.
Overall, audience members expressed a desire to simply see the truth reflected in the list of modern tribal members.
When the roll is untrustworthy, added tribal member Shirley Hubbard, it leads to fault lines in the community.
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