About Us Cherokee Baker Roll And Records 1924
If you have ties to the Eastern Band of North Carolina Cherokee, the Baker Roll is a vital document. The Baker Roll was the final roll compiled for determining membership in the Eastern Band, but it is only the beginning of the documents included in this database. Along with the roll itself, youll find applications for tribal membership, correspondence regarding applications and other matters, transcripts of testimony, copies of decisions and findings by the Enrolling Commission, and indexes created for some of the document collections.
Historical Background
The Cherokee once inhabited parts of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Some began voluntarily migrating westward to Arkansas during the period between the Revolutionary War and the late 1820s. In 1828, these people, who were by then known as the Western Cherokee, were pushed out of Arkansas by the Treaty of Washington and moved on to Oklahoma where they were called the Old Settlers. A decade later, they were joined by more than 16,000 Eastern Cherokee who were forced to leave their lands in the East and travel to Indian Territory on the Trail of Tears. The descendants of these groups comprise two of the three Federally-recognized divisions of the Cherokee Nation.
Final Roll
- 1835 Census of Cherokees Living East of the Mississippi River
- 1851 Chapman Roll
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Baker Roll Eastern Cherokee
An act of Congress of June 4, 1924, established the Eastern Cherokee Enrolling Commission to determine membership for the Eastern Band of Cherokees and to place its tribal lands into Federal trust.
Charged with identifying membership for the Eastern Band of Cherokees, the Commission created, collected, and compiled data from older rolls and tribal censuses. Known as the Baker Roll, after Fred A. Baker, these records include indexes, applications, testimony, correspondence, decisions of the Eastern Enrolling Commission, and reports.
To search for a name: Enter a full Surname or partial Surname and press enter. The system will return a list of matching records. To see the PDF file on Archives.gov select the link and the PDF will open up to the appropriate page.
Additional information on the baker rolls can be found at the link.
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Eastern Band Of Cherokee Indians
| Location in the United States |
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The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians , is a federally recognizedIndian Tribe based in Western North Carolina in the United States. They are descended from the small group of 800-1000 Cherokee who remained in the Eastern United States after the US military, under the Indian Removal Act, moved the other 15,000 Cherokee to west of the Mississippi River in the late 1830s, to Indian Territory. Those Cherokee remaining in the East were to give up tribal Cherokee citizenship and to assimilate. They became US citizens.
The history of the Eastern Band closely follows that of the Qualla Boundary, a land trust made up of an area of their original territory. When they reorganized as a tribe, they had to buy back the land from the US government. The EBCI also own, hold, or maintain additional lands in the vicinity, and as far away as 100 miles from the Qualla Boundary. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians are primarily the descendants of those persons listed on the 1925 Baker Rolls of Cherokee Indians. They gained federal recognition as a tribe in the 20th century. The Qualla Boundary is not technically a reservation because the tribe owns the land outright.
I Cannot Locate My Ancestor In The Index What Should I Do Now
Look for your ancestor on the 1900 US census. If your ancestor did not live in Indian Territory it is extremely unlikely they will be on the rolls. If they were living in Indian Territory check the available lists for rejected Dawes applications. Consider the possibility your ancestor belonged to another tribe, preferred not enroll, or was unable to enroll.
For further information about tribal citizenship, please contact the tribe directly.
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Am I Cherokee Can I Be Part Of The Ebci
These are frequently asked questions of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Many people want to know about becoming a tribal member based on having a relative of Cherokee descent. Enrollment in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is governed by Cherokee Code, Chapter 49, Enrollment, and restricts enrollment to the following:
The Enrollment Office provides a Cherokee genealogy research service searching records prior to the 1924 Baker Roll. These records date back to 1835 and enumerate the members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians within the limits of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. This service does not aid in determining eligibility for enrollment with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
To obtain the specifics of the research services and for general enrollment questions, you may contact the Enrollment Office at:
- Application for Early Distribution for Unmet Educational or Healthcare Needs
- Normal Distribution 18- and 21-Year Application
How Do You Get On The Cherokee Roll
To be eligible for a Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood /Tribal Citizenship with the Cherokee Nation, you must be able to provide documents that connect you to an enrolled lineal ancestor, who is listed on the DAWES ROLL FINAL ROLLS OF CITIZENS AND FREEDMEN OF THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES, Cherokee Nation with …
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Cherokee Adopts Baker Roll List As Basis For Tribal Membership
Blood quantum. Even on their own, the words have a ceremonial, reverent ring to them.
For Cherokee tribal members, reality bears out the ring. Blood quantum the fraction of ones ancestry that is purely Cherokee decides everything from a persons ability to own land in the Qualla Boundary to availability of scholarships for college to eligibility to receive a share in casino profits each year.
So its probably understandable that Cherokee Tribal Councils vote last month on how blood quantum should be determined was fraught with emotion and heated debate. In fact, Councilmember David Wolfe of Yellowhill kicked off the debate with a move that the discussion happen off-air from live cable broadcast to keep outsiders from seeing it.
Tribal members in the audience made it clear they did not concur, and the meeting stayed on-air after Wolfe withdrew his motion.
My opinion is everybody needs to see this. Everybody needs to hear this, said enrolled member Janet Arch. Everybody needs to see where people stand on this opinion.
After nearly two hours of discussion, members finally made a decision: To adopt the 1924 Baker Roll as the foundation on which all enrollment decisions are made. The Baker Roll shall not be subject to challenge or amendment as to the information contained therein, the legislation continued.
What Percentage Of Cherokee Do You Have To Be To Receive Benefits
To give you an example, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians a minimum of 1/16 degree of Cherokee blood for tribal enrollment, while the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Higher Education Grant expects you to have the minimum of ¼ Native American blood percentages. That is 25% of your blood is from Native American ancestors.
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Gaming Relations With North Carolina
In 1988, the United States Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act , which allowed federally recognized tribes to establish casinos on tribal property. Under the act, tribes are limited to offer casino games that correspond to the existing level of gaming allowed under state law. North Carolina was unique in permitting the Cherokee to establish a casino offering Class III gaming in 1994, well before the state allowed a lottery. The typical pattern has been for states to offer a lottery, followed by an agreement between the state and the Indian tribe to allow establishment of a casino or other form of gaming operation.
The first major casino in North Carolina, Harrah’s Cherokee , was opened on Qualla Boundary on November 13, 1997. The casino was the result of nearly ten years of negotiations among tribal, state, and federal officials. Principal Chief Jonathan “Ed” Taylor, North Carolina Lead Liaison and Chief Negotiator David T. McCoy, and Governor Jim Hunt had developed a plan for a casino that would meet state laws, and satisfy local and tribal concerns. It opened during the tenure of Principal Chief Joyce Dugan .
On September 28, 2015, the Tribe opened their second casino, Harrah’s Cherokee Valley River, in Murphy, North Carolina. On July 26, 2019, Governor Roy Cooper signed Senate Bill 154 that permitted wagering on sports and horse racing on tribal lands, after the state legalized sports betting in other venues.
Information Found On The 1924 Baker Roll
Information requested on the application is shown below, and from it should be easily seen why the Baker Roll is so important to Eastern Cherokee genealogy:
*current name and name prior to marriage,*age and birth place,*degree of Eastern Cherokee blood,*name and relationship of Cherokee ancestor,*applicants descent from the ancestor,*both parents names, date of marriage, and residences,*all four grandparents names, including maiden names,*other relatives who were previously enrolled,*spouses name, and names/ages of children.
The 1924 Baker Roll can be found on microfilm at the National Archives branch in Morrow, Georgia or online at the paid site Ancestry.com. If your ancestor is on the roll itself, then you are eligible for membership, but there may be other requirements to meet. Follow this link for more information about The Eastern Band of Cherokee. If your ancestor is not on the roll, then she still may have applied. Check the applications which are in alphabetical order.
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Need Help Keying This Project
Project InstructionsThis collection contains the 1928 Baker Roll, as well as the applications for enrollment and correspondence of the Eastern Cherokee Enrolling Commission. The images are a mix of type-written and hand-written documents.
For this project we are keying from three main form types. The first is the Baker Roll, and this is for any images of final rolls. It includes the Final Roll of the Eastern Bank of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina Under the Act of June 4, 1924 and the Roll of Deceased Eastern Cherokee Annuitants Whose Rights to Enrollment with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina Were Challenged by the Tribal Council. From these rolls we are keying name, gender, birth date and death date.
The second form type is the application. The first page of the application should be marked as “Application Page 1” and any subsequent pages with information to key should be marked as “Application Additional Pages”. The application is a typed form, 3-4 pages long, and contains 11 questions. We are only keying information on individuals who are a part of the applicant’s immediate family. Immediate family is being defined as:
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First page of the Index
Find Out If Youre Cherokee Learn About Cherokee Genealogy
Many people want to know about becoming a Tribal Member based on a relative being Cherokee or of Cherokee descent. Enrollment in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is governed by Cherokee Code, Chapter 49, Enrollment, and restricts enrollment to the following:
1. A direct lineal ancestor must appear on the 1924 Baker Roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
2. You must possess at least 1/16 degree of Eastern Cherokee blood. Please note: Blood Quantum is calculated from your ancestor listed on the 1924 Baker Roll. No DNA/blood testing is performed or acceptable for this calculation.
The Enrollment Office provides a Cherokee genealogy research service searching records prior to the 1924 Baker Roll. These records date back to 1835 and enumerate the members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians within the limits of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. This service does not aid in determining eligibility for enrollment with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
Cultural and Ceremonial Questions: If you have an inquiry about the cultural practices or ceremonies of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians please contact the Tribal Cultural Resources Department at 828.497.1584.
Other Cherokee Contacts: Cherokee Nation of OklahomaP.O. Box 948 Tahlequah, OK 74465Main Office 918.456.0671
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Baker Roll A Census Of The Eastern Band Of Cherokee Indians Created
On , the United States Congress passed an act aimed at terminating the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians. Indian Agent Fred A. Baker was tasked with preparing an official roll of all members of the Eastern Band. The roll anticipated a final allotment of land and granting of United States citizenship to the Indians. Now known as the Baker Roll, it was to be the final conclusive list of the Bands membership.
Baker visited Indian households, much like a census-taker, and recorded information on each individual including name, birth date and the degree of Eastern Cherokee blood. Controversies arose due to the number of people included on the roll and the amount of land that could be allotted to each. Cherokees were also facing difficulties registering to voteclerks refused to acknowledge citizenship until the allotment issue was resolved.
Ultimately the Indians decided that it was prudent to keep the tribal lands in trust with the government, and, in 1931, Congress voted not to act on the tribal assets. The Baker roll was amended, with many people of questionable descent removed. The roll stands today as paramount to being acknowledged as a member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
Other related resources:
Cherokee Rolls: Baker Roll
In 1924, an Act of Congress enacted the final dispensation of the affairs of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina. This Act conveyed to the United States all land, money, and other property held by the tribe, where the land would be held in trust by the US government, forming a reservation called the Qualla Boundary.
In association with this Act, a final roll was conducted which would list all living tribal citizens and this was the final roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
This final roll of the EBCI was called the Baker Roll, named after Fred A Baker who oversaw the enrolling commission and finalized the results. There were 3,146 persons accepted onto the Baker Roll.
Today, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians bases there enrollment on the Baker Roll of 1924. To be eligible you must have a direct lineal ancestor on the Baker Roll, and must possess at least 1/16 degree of Eastern Cherokee blood.
Please note: Blood quantum is calculated from your ancestor as they are listed on the 1924 Baker Roll. DNA is not acceptable for enrollment purposes.
You can find original images of this and many other Cherokee rolls and tribal records at Fold3.
Elements of the Baker Roll:
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Enrollment And Allotment Packets
Enrollment packets provide details about the individual and their family, including marriage, birth, and death information. They may include transcripts of interviews with family members or neighbors and correspondence regarding the enrollment.
Allotment packets contain information about the individual’s land allotment, plat maps, correspondence, and other documents. Enrollment and allotment packets vary in length from a single page to more than 100 pages. Please note that while Creek application packets are not available, you may still order allotment packets.
Contemporary Language And Religion
More than two dozen Christian churches of various denominations are located within the Qualla Boundary. Many of the traditional religious practices of the Eastern Band have, over time, blended with new age views and customs according to Cherokee traditionalists. They have diverged as the result of cultural isolation of the various factions of Cherokee society. Many traditional dances and ceremonies are still practiced by the Eastern Band.
The Eastern Band has begun a language immersion program requiring all graduating high school seniors to speak the tribal language beginning 2007. Of the total population in the Qualla Boundary, there are approximately 900 speakers, 72% of whom are over the age of 50.
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